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r ggplot2

ggplot2 both axis labels inside plot area

发布于 2020-11-27 23:41:15

I would like to create a ggplot2 with both the y-axis and x-axis labels on the inside, i.e., facing inwards and placed inside the plot area.

This previous SO answer by Z.Lin solves it for the case of the y-axis, and I've got that working just fine. But extending that approach to both axes has me stumped. grobs is hard, I think.

So I attempted to start small, by adapting Z.Lin's code to work for the x-axis instead of the y-axis, but I have not been able to achieve even that. grobs is really complicated. My attempt (below) runs without errors/warnings until grid.draw(), where it crashes and burns (I think I'm misusing some args somewhere, but I can't identify which and at this point I'm just guessing).

# locate the grob that corresponds to x-axis labels
x.label.grob <- gp$grobs[[which(gp$layout$name == "axis-b")]]$children$axis

# remove x-axis labels from the plot, & shrink the space occupied by them
gp$grobs[[which(gp$layout$name == "axis-b")]] <- zeroGrob()
gp$widths[gp$layout$l[which(gp$layout$name == "axis-b")]] <- unit(0, "cm")

# create new gtable
new.x.label.grob <- gtable::gtable(widths = unit(1, "npc"))
# place axis ticks in the first row
new.x.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_rows(
      new.x.label.grob,
      heights = x.label.grob[["heights"]][1])
new.x.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_grob(
      new.x.label.grob,
      x.label.grob[["grobs"]][[1]],
      t = 1, l = 1)
# place axis labels in the second row
new.x.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_rows(
      new.x.label.grob,
      heights = x.label.grob[["heights"]][2])
new.x.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_grob(
      new.x.label.grob,
      x.label.grob[["grobs"]][[2]],
      t = 1, l = 2)
# add third row that takes up all the remaining space
new.x.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_rows(
      new.x.label.grob,
      heights = unit(1, "null"))

gp <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_grob(
      x = gp,
      grobs = new.x.label.grob,
      t = gp$layout$t[which(gp$layout$name == "panel")],
      l = gp$layout$l[which(gp$layout$name == "panel")])
grid.draw(gp)
# Error in unit(widths, default.units) : 
#  'x' and 'units' must have length > 0

I guess my question can be split into three semi-independent parts, where each subsequent question supersedes the earlier ones (so if you can answer a later question, there will be no need to bother with the earlier ones):

  • can anyone adapt the existing answer to the x-axis?
  • can anyone provide code in that vein to get both axes inside?
  • does anyone know of a neater way to achieve both axes inside for ggplot2?

Here's my MWE (mostly replicating Z.Lin's answer, but with new data):

library(dplyr)
library(magrittr)
library(ggplot2)
library(grid)
library(gtable)
library(errors)
df <- structure(list(
   temperature = c(200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900), 
   diameter = 
      structure(
         c(13.54317, 10.32521, 10.23137, 17.90464, 29.98183, 55.65514, 101.60747, 147.3074), 
         id = "<environment>", 
         errors = c(1.24849, 0.46666, 0.36781, 0.48463, 0.94639, 1.61459, 6.98346, 12.18353), 
         class = "errors")), 
   row.names = c(NA, -8L), 
   class = "data.frame")
p <- ggplot() +
   geom_smooth(data = df %>% filter(temperature >= 400),
               aes(x = temperature, y = diameter),
               method = "lm", formula = "y ~ x",
               se = FALSE, fullrange = TRUE) +
   # experimental errors as red ribbon (instead of errorbars)
   geom_ribbon(data = df,
               aes(x = temperature, 
                   ymin = errors_min(diameter), 
                   ymax = errors_max(diameter)), 
               fill = alpha("red", 0.2),
               colour = alpha("red", 0.2)) +
   geom_point(data = df,
              aes(x = temperature, y = diameter),
              size = 0.7) +
   geom_line(data = df,
             aes(x = temperature, y = diameter),
             size = 0.15) +
   scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(200, 900, 200)) +
   scale_y_log10(breaks = c(10, seq(30, 150, 30)),
                 labels = c("10", "30", "60", "90", "120", "150=d/nm")) +
   theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), 
         panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
         axis.title.y = element_blank(),
         axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0))
# convert from ggplot to grob object
gp <- ggplotGrob(p)
y.label.grob <- gp$grobs[[which(gp$layout$name == "axis-l")]]$children$axis
gp$grobs[[which(gp$layout$name == "axis-l")]] <- zeroGrob()
gp$widths[gp$layout$l[which(gp$layout$name == "axis-l")]] <- unit(0, "cm")
new.y.label.grob <- gtable::gtable(heights = unit(1, "npc"))
new.y.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_cols(
      new.y.label.grob,
      widths = y.label.grob[["widths"]][2])
new.y.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_grob(
      new.y.label.grob,
      y.label.grob[["grobs"]][[2]],
      t = 1, l = 1)
new.y.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_cols(
      new.y.label.grob,
      widths = y.label.grob[["widths"]][1])
new.y.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_grob(
      new.y.label.grob,
      y.label.grob[["grobs"]][[1]],
      t = 1, l = 2)
new.y.label.grob <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_cols(
      new.y.label.grob,                                    
      widths = unit(1, "null"))
gp <- 
   gtable::gtable_add_grob(
      x = gp,
      grobs = new.y.label.grob,
      t = gp$layout$t[which(gp$layout$name == "panel")],
      l = gp$layout$l[which(gp$layout$name == "panel")])
grid.draw(gp)

enter image description here

> sessionInfo()
R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.7.1
LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.7.1

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_GB.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
 [3] LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_GB.UTF-8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_GB.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.UTF-8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_GB.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[8] base     

other attached packages:
[1] errors_0.3.4  gtable_0.3.0  ggplot2_3.3.2 magrittr_1.5  dplyr_1.0.2  

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] rstudioapi_0.11  splines_3.6.2    tidyselect_1.1.0 munsell_0.5.0   
 [5] lattice_0.20-41  colorspace_1.4-1 R6_2.5.0         rlang_0.4.8     
 [9] tools_3.6.2      nlme_3.1-148     mgcv_1.8-31      withr_2.3.0     
[13] ellipsis_0.3.1   digest_0.6.27    yaml_2.2.1       tibble_3.0.4    
[17] lifecycle_0.2.0  crayon_1.3.4     Matrix_1.2-18    purrr_0.3.4     
[21] farver_2.0.3     vctrs_0.3.4      glue_1.4.2       compiler_3.6.2  
[25] pillar_1.4.6     generics_0.1.0   scales_1.1.1     pkgconfig_2.0.3
Questioner
solarchemist
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Allan Cameron 2020-11-30 12:09:48

Rather than "freezing" the plot as a grob tree then hacking the grobs, I thought it might be useful to see how we could move the axes inside but keep the object as a ggplot. The way to do this is to write a function that takes your plot, extracts the necessary information, then builds axes and adds them as annotations.

The returned object is a normal ggplot, to which you can add layers, scales and modify themes as normal:

move_axes_inside <- function(p)
{
  b <- ggplot_build(p)
  x_breaks <- b$layout$panel_scales_x[[1]]$break_info()
  y_breaks <- b$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$break_info()
  x_range <- b$layout$panel_params[[1]]$x.range
  y_range <- b$layout$panel_params[[1]]$y.range
  y_breaks$major <- diff(y_breaks$range)/diff(y_range) * y_breaks$major + 
    (y_breaks$range[1] - y_range[1])/diff(y_range)
  x_breaks$major <- diff(x_breaks$range)/diff(x_range) * x_breaks$major + 
    (x_breaks$range[1] - x_range[1])/diff(x_range)
  y <- grid::yaxisGrob(at = y_breaks$major, label = y_breaks$labels, main = FALSE)
  x <- grid::xaxisGrob(at = x_breaks$major, label = x_breaks$labels, main = FALSE)
  p + annotation_custom(y, xmin = x_range[1], xmax = x_range[1]) +
      annotation_custom(x, ymin = y_range[1], ymax = y_range[1]) +
      theme(axis.text.y = element_blank(),
            axis.ticks = element_blank(),
            axis.text.x = element_blank())
    
}

So testing it with your plot we get:

p2 <- move_axes_inside(p)
 
p2

enter image description here

And we can change theme elements etc:

p2 + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line())

enter image description here

This would need a bit of development and testing to get it working with discrete axes and so on, but it should work for arbitrary continuous axes as-is.

solarchemist 2020-11-30 03:24:45

This definitely counts as "neater way" to do it! Brilliant, thanks. Playing around with it, I've changed the linewidth, the fontsize of the axis labels, and the tick mark length all using the gp arg of axisGrob(gp = gpar(lwd=1, fontsize=8,lineheight=0.8)). One can also easily shift the position of the axes line by adjusting the min and max args of annotation_custom(). The one thing I could not figure out was how to rotate the axis labels, as gpar() lacks such an argument. But that's a small limitation (assuming I'm even right) for such an elegant solution.

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