You can use a Shingle Filter to combine multiple tokens into one.
<analyzer type="query">
<tokenizer class="solr.WhitespaceTokenizerFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.HyphenatedWordsFilterFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.EnglishMinimalStemFilterFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.StopFilterFactory" ignoreCase="true" words="lang/stopwords_en.txt"/>
<filter class="solr.SynonymGraphFilterFactory" synonyms="synonyms.txt" ignoreCase="true" expand="true"/>
<filter class="solr.WordDelimiterGraphFilterFactory" generateWordParts="1" generateNumberParts="1" catenateWords="1" preserveOriginal="1"/>
<filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.ShingleFilterFactory"/>
</analyzer>
If you assume that the terms are spelled correctly when being indexed, you can apply this only when querying. It'll concatenate the tokens for you, effectively giving you multiple "merged" tokens:
play station camera => play, station, camera, playstation, stationcamera
.. given maxShingleSize=2. If you increase the max size to 3, this will also give you playstationcamera as a single token (in this case). If you have terms where people will possibly split a word multiple times, that might be necessary.
If you assume that your terms are indexed correctly, and this is only necessary on query time, your index won't change and you won't have to reindex (and the size won't change).
You might have to change the location of the filter around; your stemming filter will break this in mysterious places, since you'll end up concatenating previously stemmed terms.
Thanks for your help! This is the most effective thing I have tried so far, with a bit more finetuning it should solve my problem.