这是通过为学生分配“课程位置”而不是课程本身来解决上述一些问题的解决方案。你可能会想到，可用的课程槽位数量受到限制，具体取决于课程的最大大小。该代码可以进一步开发，但是我认为这对入门非常有用：

class Student:

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        self.courses = {}
        
    def addCourse(self, course):
        if course.status=='Enrolled':
            self.courses[course.name] = course
        else:
            self.courses[course.name] = course.status

            
class Course:

    def __init__(self, name, room, max_students):
        self.name = name
        self.room = room
        self.max_students = max_students
        self.student_list = []
        
        self.course_slots_filled = 0
        self.course_slots_available = max_students
        
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Course_object_{}'.format(self.name)
 
    def check_slots_available(self):
        if self.course_slots_filled < self.max_students:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    
    class CourseSlot:
        def __init__(self, name, student_name, status):
            self.name = name
            self.student_name = student_name
            self.status = status
            self.grade = 'No grade assigned'
        
        def __repr__(self):
            return 'CourseSlot_object_{}'.format(self.name)
        
        def set_grade(self, grade):
            self.grade = grade
            
    
    def assign_course_slot(self, student_name):
        if self.check_slots_available():
            self.course_slots_filled+=1
            self.course_slots_available-=1
            status = 'Enrolled'
            self.student_list.append(student_name)
        else:
            print('Sorry, {} class is full! {} not enrolled.'.format(self.name, student_name))
            status = 'Not enrolled'
            
        return self.CourseSlot(self.name, student_name, status)

用法示例

实例化课程：

physics = Course('Physics','101',5)
chemistry = Course('Chemistry','102',1)

实例化学生1并分配课程时段：

s1 = Student("Tom", 17, "Male")
s1.addCourse(physics.assign_course_slot(s1.name))
s1.addCourse(chemistry.assign_course_slot(s1.name))
s1.courses['Physics'].set_grade('A+')

[v for v in s1.courses.values()]

# >>> [CourseSlot_object_Physics, CourseSlot_object_Chemistry]

实例化学生2并分配课程时段

s2 = Student("Susan", 18, "Female")
s2.addCourse(physics.assign_course_slot(s2.name))
s2.addCourse(chemistry.assign_course_slot(s2.name))

#>>> Sorry, Chemistry class is full! Susan not enrolled.

获取课程信息：

print('Physics course slots filled: ',physics.course_slots_filled)
print('Physics course slots available: ',physics.course_slots_available)
print('Chemistry course slots filled: ',chemistry.course_slots_filled)
print('Chemistry course slots available: ',chemistry.course_slots_available)

#>>> Physics course slots filled:  2
#    Physics course slots available:  3
#    Chemistry course slots filled:  1
#    Chemistry course slots available:  0

print('Physics student list: ',physics.student_list)
print('Chemistry student list: ',chemistry.student_list)

# >>> Physics student list:  ['Tom', 'Susan']
#     Chemistry student list:  ['Tom']

for s in [s1,s2]:
    for c in s.courses.values():
        try:
            print('{} {} grade: {}'.format(s.name, c.name, c.grade))
        except AttributeError:
            pass

# >>> Tom Physics grade: A+
#     Tom Chemistry grade: No grade assigned
#     Susan Physics grade: No grade assigned

我猜作弊是，该课程student_list仅获取学生的姓名，而不是Student对象的名称，如果你将其传递给唯一的ID，然后遍历Student对象的列表以匹配ID，则可能会起作用。无论如何都要考虑一下。