python - 用 pandas 中的两个地理数据框获取最近的距离

首先，我通过交叉联接合并两个数据帧。然后，我发现map在python中使用两点之间的距离。我使用的map，因为大部分的时间，它是比很多快apply，itertuples，iterrows等（参考：https://stackoverflow.com/a/52674448/8205554）

最后，我按数据帧分组并获取距离的最小值。

这是图书馆

import pandas as pd
import geopandas
import geopy.distance
from math import radians, cos, sin, asin, sqrt

这里是使用的功能，

def dist1(p1, p2):
    lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 = map(radians, [p1.x, p1.y, p2.x, p2.y])

    dlon = lon2 - lon1 
    dlat = lat2 - lat1 
    a = sin(dlat/2)**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * sin(dlon/2)**2
    c = 2 * asin(sqrt(a)) 

    return c * 6373

def dist2(p1, p2):
    lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 = map(radians, [p1[0], p1[1], p2[0], p2[1]])

    dlon = lon2 - lon1 
    dlat = lat2 - lat1 
    a = sin(dlat/2)**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * sin(dlon/2)**2
    c = 2 * asin(sqrt(a)) 

    return c * 6373

def dist3(p1, p2):
    x = p1.y, p1.x
    y = p2.y, p2.x

    return geopy.distance.geodesic(x, y).km

def dist4(p1, p2):
    x = p1[1], p1[0]
    y = p2[1], p2[0]

    return geopy.distance.geodesic(x, y).km

还有数据

city1 = [
  {
    'City': 'Buenos Aires',
    'Country': 'Argentina',
    'Latitude': -34.58,
    'Longitude': -58.66
  },
  {
    'City': 'Brasilia',
    'Country': 'Brazil',
    'Latitude': -15.78,
    'Longitude': -70.66
  },
  {
    'City': 'Santiago',
    'Country': 'Chile ',
    'Latitude': -33.45,
    'Longitude': -70.66
  }
]

city2 = [
  {
    'City': 'Bogota',
    'Country': 'Colombia ',
    'Latitude': 4.6,
    'Longitude': -74.08
  },
  {
    'City': 'Caracas',
    'Country': 'Venezuela',
    'Latitude': 10.48,
    'Longitude': -66.86
  }
]


city1df = pd.DataFrame(city1)
city2df = pd.DataFrame(city2)

与geopandas数据框交叉连接，

gcity1df = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(
    city1df, 
    geometry=geopandas.points_from_xy(city1df.Longitude, city1df.Latitude)
)
gcity2df = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(
    city2df, 
    geometry=geopandas.points_from_xy(city2df.Longitude, city2df.Latitude)
)

# cross join geopandas
gcity1df['key'] = 1
gcity2df['key'] = 1
merged = gcity1df.merge(gcity2df, on='key')

math功能和geopandas，

# 6.64 ms ± 588 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
%%timeit

# find distance
merged['dist'] = list(map(dist1, merged['geometry_x'], merged['geometry_y']))

mapping = {
    'City_x': 'City',
    'Country_x': 'Country',
    'Latitude_x': 'Latitude',
    'Longitude_x': 'Longitude',
    'geometry_x': 'geometry',
    'City_y': 'Nearest',
    'dist': 'Distance'
}

nearest = merged.loc[merged.groupby(['City_x', 'Country_x'])['dist'].idxmin()]
nearest.rename(columns=mapping)[list(mapping.values())]

           City    Country  Latitude  Longitude                     geometry  \
2      Brasilia     Brazil    -15.78     -70.66  POINT (-70.66000 -15.78000)   
0  Buenos Aires  Argentina    -34.58     -58.66  POINT (-58.66000 -34.58000)   
4      Santiago     Chile     -33.45     -70.66  POINT (-70.66000 -33.45000)   

  Nearest     Distance  
2  Bogota  2297.922808  
0  Bogota  4648.004515  
4  Bogota  4247.586882 

geopy并且geopandas，

# 9.99 ms ± 764 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
%%timeit

# find distance
merged['dist'] = list(map(dist3, merged['geometry_x'], merged['geometry_y']))

mapping = {
    'City_x': 'City',
    'Country_x': 'Country',
    'Latitude_x': 'Latitude',
    'Longitude_x': 'Longitude',
    'geometry_x': 'geometry',
    'City_y': 'Nearest',
    'dist': 'Distance'
}

nearest = merged.loc[merged.groupby(['City_x', 'Country_x'])['dist'].idxmin()]
nearest.rename(columns=mapping)[list(mapping.values())]

           City    Country  Latitude  Longitude                     geometry  \
2      Brasilia     Brazil    -15.78     -70.66  POINT (-70.66000 -15.78000)   
0  Buenos Aires  Argentina    -34.58     -58.66  POINT (-58.66000 -34.58000)   
4      Santiago     Chile     -33.45     -70.66  POINT (-70.66000 -33.45000)   

  Nearest     Distance  
2  Bogota  2285.239605  
0  Bogota  4628.641817  
4  Bogota  4226.710978 

如果您要使用pandas代替geopandas，

# cross join pandas
city1df['key'] = 1
city2df['key'] = 1
merged = city1df.merge(city2df, on='key')

有了math功能，

# 8.65 ms ± 2.21 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
%%timeit

# find distance
merged['dist'] = list(
    map(
        dist2, 
        merged[['Longitude_x', 'Latitude_x']].values, 
        merged[['Longitude_y', 'Latitude_y']].values
    )
)

mapping = {
    'City_x': 'City',
    'Country_x': 'Country',
    'Latitude_x': 'Latitude',
    'Longitude_x': 'Longitude',
    'City_y': 'Nearest',
    'dist': 'Distance'
}

nearest = merged.loc[merged.groupby(['City_x', 'Country_x'])['dist'].idxmin()]
nearest.rename(columns=mapping)[list(mapping.values())]

           City    Country  Latitude  Longitude Nearest     Distance
2      Brasilia     Brazil    -15.78     -70.66  Bogota  2297.922808
0  Buenos Aires  Argentina    -34.58     -58.66  Bogota  4648.004515
4      Santiago     Chile     -33.45     -70.66  Bogota  4247.586882

随着geopy，

# 9.8 ms ± 807 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
%%timeit

# find distance
merged['dist'] = list(
    map(
        dist4, 
        merged[['Longitude_x', 'Latitude_x']].values, 
        merged[['Longitude_y', 'Latitude_y']].values
    )
)

mapping = {
    'City_x': 'City',
    'Country_x': 'Country',
    'Latitude_x': 'Latitude',
    'Longitude_x': 'Longitude',
    'City_y': 'Nearest',
    'dist': 'Distance'
}

nearest = merged.loc[merged.groupby(['City_x', 'Country_x'])['dist'].idxmin()]
nearest.rename(columns=mapping)[list(mapping.values())]

           City    Country  Latitude  Longitude Nearest     Distance
2      Brasilia     Brazil    -15.78     -70.66  Bogota  2285.239605
0  Buenos Aires  Argentina    -34.58     -58.66  Bogota  4628.641817
4      Santiago     Chile     -33.45     -70.66  Bogota  4226.710978