Gin 是一个用 Go(Golang) 编写的 Web 框架。它具有类似马提尼的API,由于httprouter,其性能提高了40倍。如果你需要性能和良好的生产力,你会喜欢杜松子酒。
MsgPack 呈现功能的情况下生成
要安装 Gin 包,你需要先安装 Go 并设置 Go 工作区。
go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
net/http
http.StatusOK
import "net/http"
# assume the following codes in example.go file
$ cat example.go
package main
import (
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080")
}
# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser $ go run example.go
Gin 使用自定义版本的 HttpRouter
基准名称 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BenchmarkGin_GithubAll | 43550 | 27364 纳秒/操作 | 0 B/操作 | 0 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkAce_GithubAll | 40543 | 29670 纳秒/操作 | 0 B/操作 | 0 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkAero_GithubAll | 57632 | 20648 纳秒/操作 | 0 B/操作 | 0 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkBear_GithubAll | 9234 | 216179 ns/op | 86448 B/op | 943 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll | 7407 | 243496 纳秒/操作 | 71456 B/op | 609 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkBone_GithubAll | 420 | 2922835 ns/op | 720160 B/op | 8620 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkChi_GithubAll | 7620 | 238331 纳秒/操作 | 87696 B/op | 609 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll | 18355 | 64494 纳秒/操作 | 20224 B/op | 167 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll | 31251 | 38479 纳秒/操作 | 0 B/操作 | 0 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll | 4117 | 300062 ns/op | 131656 B/op | 1686 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll | 3274 | 416158 纳秒/操作 | 56112 B/操作 | 334 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll | 1402 | 870518 纳秒/操作 | 352720 B/操作 | 4321 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll | 2976 | 401507 纳秒/操作 | 134371 B/操作 | 2737 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll | 410 | 2913158 纳秒/操作 | 910144 B/操作 | 2938 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll | 346 | 3384987 纳秒/操作 | 251650 B/操作 | 1994 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GithubAll | 10000 | 143025 纳秒/操作 | 72144 B/操作 | 501 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll | 55938 | 21360 纳秒/操作 | 0 B/操作 | 0 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll | 10000 | 153944 纳秒/操作 | 65856 B/操作 | 671 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll | 10000 | 106315 纳秒/操作 | 23304 B/操作 | 843 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll | 47779 | 25084 纳秒/操作 | 0 B/操作 | 0 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll | 3266 | 371907 纳秒/操作 | 149409 B/操作 | 1624 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll | 331 | 3444706 纳秒/操作 | 226551 B/操作 | 2325 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkPat_GithubAll | 273 | 4381818 纳秒/操作 | 1483152 B/操作 | 26963 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll | 10000 | 164367 纳秒/操作 | 84448 B/操作 | 609 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll | 10000 | 160220 纳秒/操作 | 77328 B/操作 | 979 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll | 14625 | 82453 纳秒/操作 | 16272 B/操作 | 167 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkTango_GithubAll | 6255 | 279611 纳秒/操作 | 63826 B/操作 | 1618 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll | 2008 | 687874 纳秒/操作 | 193856 B/操作 | 4474 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll | 355 | 3478508 纳秒/操作 | 820744 B/操作 | 14114 分配/操作 |
BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll | 6885 | 193333 纳秒/操作 | 19894 B/操作 | 609 分配/操作 |
Gin 使用默认的 json 包,但你可以通过从其他标签构建来更改它。
encoding/json
go build -tags=jsoniter .
go build -tags=go_json .
声波(你必须确保你的cpu支持avx指令。
$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
MsgPack
Gin 默认启用渲染功能。但是,你可以通过指定构建标记来禁用此功能。
MsgPack
nomsgpack
go build -tags=nomsgpack .
这对于减小可执行文件的二进制大小很有用。请参阅详细信息。
你可以在 Gin 示例存储库中找到许多现成的示例。
func main() {
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
// PORT environment variable was defined.
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
// For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
})
// This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
// Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
// Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
// The request responds to an url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
message := c.PostForm("message")
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"status": "posted",
"message": message,
"nick": nick,
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
name=manu&message=this_is_great
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Query("id")
page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
name := c.PostForm("name")
message := c.PostForm("message")
fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
names := c.PostFormMap("names")
fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
file.Filename不应信任。请参阅 MDN 上
的内容处置和
#1693
文件名始终是可选的,应用程序不得盲目使用:应去除路径信息,并应转换为服务器文件系统规则。
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// Single file
file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
log.Println(file.Filename)
// Upload the file to specific dst.
c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
如何:
curl
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
请参阅详细的示例代码。
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// Multipart form
form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
files := form.File["upload[]"]
for _, file := range files {
log.Println(file.Filename)
// Upload the file to specific dst.
c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
如何:
curl
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Simple group: v1
v1 := router.Group("/v1")
{
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
// Simple group: v2
v2 := router.Group("/v2")
{
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
router.Run(":8080")
}
用
r := gin.New()
而不是
// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
r := gin.Default()
func main() {
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middleware
// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
r.Use(gin.Logger())
// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
// Authorization group
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
// exactly the same as:
authorized := r.Group("/")
// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
{
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
// nested group
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
// visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
}
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middleware
// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
r.Use(gin.Logger())
// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
}
c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
}))
r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
// panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
panic("foo")
})
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
// Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// Logging to a file.
f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
// Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
router := gin.New()
// LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
// your custom format
return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
param.ClientIP,
param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
param.Method,
param.Path,
param.Request.Proto,
param.StatusCode,
param.Latency,
param.Request.UserAgent(),
param.ErrorMessage,
)
}))
router.Use(gin.Recovery())
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
示例输出
::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
默认情况下,控制台上的日志输出应根据检测到的 TTY 进行着色。
切勿为日志着色:
func main() {
// Disable log's color
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
始终为日志着色:
func main() {
// Force log's color
gin.ForceConsoleColor()
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
若要将请求正文绑定到类型中,请使用模型绑定。我们目前支持绑定 JSON、XML、YAML、TOML 和标准表单值(foo=bar&boo=baz)。
Gin 使用 go-playground/validator/v10 进行验证。在此处查看有关标签用法的完整文档。
请注意,你需要在要绑定的所有字段上设置相应的绑定标记。例如,从 JSON 绑定时,设置 .
json:"fieldname"
此外,Gin 还提供了两组绑定方法:
Bind
BindJSON
BindXML
BindQuery
BindYAML
BindHeader
BindTOML
MustBindWith
c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)
Content-Type
text/plain; charset=utf-8
[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422
ShouldBind
ShouldBind
ShouldBindJSON
ShouldBindXML
ShouldBindQuery
ShouldBindYAML
ShouldBindHeader
ShouldBindTOML
ShouldBindWith
使用 Bind-方法时,Gin 会尝试根据内容类型标头推断绑定程序。如果你确定要绑定的内容,则可以使用 或 。
MustBindWith
ShouldBindWith
你还可以指定特定字段为必填字段。如果字段在绑定时用空值修饰,并且值为空,则会返回错误。
binding:"required"
// Binding from JSON
type Login struct {
User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json Login
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding XML (
// <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
// <root>
// <user>manu</user>
// <password>123</password>
// </root>)
router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
var xml Login
if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
var form Login
// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
样品请求
$ curl -v -X POST \
http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
-d '{ "user": "manu" }'
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
< Content-Length: 100
<
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
跳过验证:使用上述命令运行上述示例时,它会返回错误。因为该示例用于 .如果使用 ,则在再次运行上述示例时不会返回错误。
curl
binding:"required"
Password
binding:"-"
Password
也可以注册自定义验证器。请参阅示例代码。
package main
import (
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)
// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}
var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
if ok {
today := time.Now()
if today.After(date) {
return false
}
}
return true
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
}
route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
var b Booking
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
}
}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
结构级验证也可以通过这种方式注册。请参阅结构 lvl 验证示例以了解更多信息。
ShouldBindQuery函数仅绑定查询参数,而不绑定发布数据。请参阅详细信息。
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.Any("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
}
请参阅详细信息。
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
log.Println(person.Birthday)
log.Println(person.CreateTime)
log.Println(person.UnixTime)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
}
测试它:
curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
请参阅详细信息。
package main
import (
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
})
route.Run(":8088")
}
测试它:
curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type testHeader struct {
Rate int `header:"Rate"`
Domain string `header:"Domain"`
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
h := testHeader{}
if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
}
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
})
r.Run()
// client
// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
// output
// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
}
查看详细信息
主去
...
type myForm struct {
Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}
...
func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
var fakeForm myForm
c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}
...
形式.html
<form action="/" method="POST">
<p>Check some colors</p>
<label for="red">Red</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red">
<label for="green">Green</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green">
<label for="blue">Blue</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue">
<input type="submit">
</form>
结果:
{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
type ProfileForm struct {
Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"`
Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
// or for multiple files
// Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
var form ProfileForm
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
return
}
err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
if err != nil {
c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
return
}
// db.Save(&form)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
测试它:
curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
// You also can use a struct
var msg struct {
Name string `json:"user"`
Message string
Number int
}
msg.Name = "Lena"
msg.Message = "hey"
msg.Number = 123
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
})
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
label := "test"
// The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
data := &protoexample.Test{
Label: &label,
Reps: reps,
}
// Note that data becomes binary data in the response
// Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
使用 SecureJSON 来防止 json 劫持。如果给定的结构是数组值,则默认在响应正文前面。
"while(1),"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// You can also use your own secure json prefix
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
// Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
使用 JSONP 从不同域中的服务器请求数据。如果查询参数回调存在,则向响应正文添加回调。
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
data := gin.H{
"foo": "bar",
}
//callback is x
// Will output : x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
// client
// curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
}
使用 AsciiJSON 生成具有转义的非 ASCII 字符的仅限 ASCII 的 JSON。
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
data := gin.H{
"lang": "GO语言",
"tag": "<br>",
}
// will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
通常,JSON 会用它们的 unicode 实体替换特殊的 HTML 字符,例如 成为。如果要按字面意思对此类字符进行编码,可以改用 PureJSON。此功能在 Go 1.6 及更低版本中不可用。
<
\u003c
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Serves unicode entities
r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
})
})
// Serves literal characters
r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
})
})
// listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.File("local/file.go")
})
var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
})
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
return
}
reader := response.Body
defer reader.Close()
contentLength := response.ContentLength
contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
extraHeaders := map[string]string{
"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
}
c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
使用 LoadHTMLGlob() 或 LoadHTMLFiles()
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Main website",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
templates/index.tmpl
<html>
<h1>
{{ .title }}
</h1>
</html>
在不同目录中使用同名模板
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Posts",
})
})
router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Users",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
templates/posts/index.tmpl
{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
<html><h1>
{{ .title }}
</h1>
<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
</html>
{{ end }}
templates/users/index.tmpl
{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
<html><h1>
{{ .title }}
</h1>
<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
</html>
{{ end }}
你还可以使用自己的 html 模板呈现
import "html/template"
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
router.Run(":8080")
}
你可以使用自定义 delims
r := gin.Default()
r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
请参阅详细的示例代码。
主去
import (
"fmt"
"html/template"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
year, month, day := t.Date()
return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
"formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
})
router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
"now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
原始.tmpl
Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
结果:
Date: 2017/07/01
杜松子酒允许默认情况下只使用一个 html。模板。检查多模板渲染是否使用了 go 1.6 等功能。
block template
发出 HTTP 重定向很容易。支持内部和外部位置。
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})
从开机自检发出 HTTP 重定向。请参阅问题:#444
r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
})
发出路由器重定向,如下所示。
HandleContext
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
return func(c *gin.Context) {
t := time.Now()
// Set example variable
c.Set("example", "12345")
// before request
c.Next()
// after request
latency := time.Since(t)
log.Print(latency)
// access the status we are sending
status := c.Writer.Status()
log.Println(status)
}
}
func main() {
r := gin.New()
r.Use(Logger())
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
// it would print: "12345"
log.Println(example)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
"foo": "bar",
"austin": "1234",
"lena": "hello2",
"manu": "4321",
}))
// /admin/secrets endpoint
// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
}
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
在中间件或处理程序中启动新的 Goroutines 时,你不应该使用其中的原始上下文,你必须使用只读副本。
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
cCp := c.Copy()
go func() {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
}()
})
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
直接使用,如下所示:
http.ListenAndServe()
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}
或
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
s := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
}
s.ListenAndServe()
}
1 行 LetsEncrypt HTTPS 服务器的示例。
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping handler
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
}
自定义自动证书管理器的示例。
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping handler
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
m := autocert.Manager{
Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
}
log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
}
请参阅问题并尝试以下示例:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)
var (
g errgroup.Group
)
func router01() http.Handler {
e := gin.New()
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(
http.StatusOK,
gin.H{
"code": http.StatusOK,
"error": "Welcome server 01",
},
)
})
return e
}
func router02() http.Handler {
e := gin.New()
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(
http.StatusOK,
gin.H{
"code": http.StatusOK,
"error": "Welcome server 02",
},
)
})
return e
}
func main() {
server01 := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router01(),
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
server02 := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8081",
Handler: router02(),
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
g.Go(func() error {
err := server01.ListenAndServe()
if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatal(err)
}
return err
})
g.Go(func() error {
err := server02.ListenAndServe()
if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatal(err)
}
return err
})
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
有几种方法可用于执行正常关机或重新启动。你可以使用专门为此构建的第三方包,也可以手动使用内置包中的函数和方法执行相同的操作。
我们可以使用 fvbock/endless 来替换默认的。有关更多详细信息,请参阅问题 #296。
ListenAndServe
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
选择:
如果你使用的是 Go 1.8 或更高版本,则可能不需要使用这些库。请考虑使用 的内置 Shutdown() 方法进行正常关闭。下面的示例描述了它的用法,我们在这里有更多使用 gin 的示例。
http.Server
// +build go1.8
package main
import (
"context"
"log"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/signal"
"syscall"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
})
srv := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
}
// Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
// it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
go func() {
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
}
}()
// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
// a timeout of 5 seconds.
quit := make(chan os.Signal)
// kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
// kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
// kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
<-quit
log.Println("Shutting down server...")
// The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
// the request it is currently handling
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
defer cancel()
if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
}
log.Println("Server exiting")
}
可以使用嵌入包将服务器构建到包含模板的单个二进制文件中。
package main
import (
"embed"
"html/template"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
//go:embed assets/* templates/*
var f embed.FS
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
// example: /public/assets/images/example.png
router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Main website",
})
})
router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Foo website",
})
})
router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
c.Data(
http.StatusOK,
"image/x-icon",
file,
)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
请参阅目录中的完整示例。
https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02
以下示例使用自定义结构:
type StructA struct {
FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
}
type StructB struct {
NestedStruct StructA
FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
}
type StructC struct {
NestedStructPointer *StructA
FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
}
type StructD struct {
NestedAnonyStruct struct {
FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
}
FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
}
func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructB
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"a": b.NestedStruct,
"b": b.FieldB,
})
}
func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructC
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"a": b.NestedStructPointer,
"c": b.FieldC,
})
}
func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructD
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
"d": b.FieldD,
})
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
r.Run()
}
使用命令命令结果:
curl
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
绑定请求正文的常规方法会消耗,并且不能多次调用它们。
c.Request.Body
type formA struct {
Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}
type formB struct {
Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
} else {
...
}
}
为此,你可以使用 .
c.ShouldBindBodyWith
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
// And it can accepts other formats
} else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
} else {
...
}
}
c.ShouldBindBodyWith在绑定之前将正文存储到上下文中。这会对性能产生轻微影响,因此,如果足以一次调用绑定,则不应使用此方法。
JSON
XML
MsgPack
ProtoBuf
Query
Form
FormPost
FormMultipart
c.ShouldBind()
const (
customerTag = "url"
defaultMemory = 32 << 20
)
type customerBinding struct {}
func (customerBinding) Name() string {
return "form"
}
func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
return err
}
}
if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
return err
}
return validate(obj)
}
func validate(obj interface{}) error {
if binding.Validator == nil {
return nil
}
return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
}
// Now we can do this!!!
// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
type FormA struct {
FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
}
func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
var opt FormA
err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
if err != nil {
...
}
...
}
}
http.推杆仅支持go1.8+。有关详细信息,请参阅 golang 博客。
package main
import (
"html/template"
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
<html>
<head>
<title>Https Test</title>
<script src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/gin/master//assets/app.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
</body>
</html>
`))
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
// use pusher.Push() to do server push
if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
}
}
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
"status": "success",
})
})
// Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
}
路由的默认日志为:
[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
如果要以给定格式(例如 JSON、键值或其他格式)记录此信息,则可以使用 定义此格式。在下面的示例中,我们使用标准日志包记录所有路由,但你可以使用其他适合你需求的日志工具。
gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
}
r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
})
r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
})
r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
})
// Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run()
}
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
if err != nil {
cookie = "NotSet"
c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
}
fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
})
router.Run()
}
Gin 允许你指定保存真实客户端 IP(如果有)的标头,以及指定你信任哪些代理(或直接客户端)来指定这些标头之一。
使用你的函数指定网络地址或网络 CIDR,从中可以信任与客户端 IP 相关的请求标头的客户端。它们可以是 IPv4 地址、IPv4 CIDR、IPv6 地址或 IPv6 CIDR。
SetTrustedProxies()
gin.Engine
注意力:如果你不使用上述函数指定受信任的代理,则默认情况下杜松子酒信任所有代理,这是不安全的。同时,如果不使用任何代理,则可以通过使用 禁用此功能,然后直接返回远程地址,以避免一些不必要的计算。
Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)
Context.ClientIP()
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
// If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
// header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
// worthy parts of that header.
// Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
})
router.Run()
}
通知:如果你使用的是 CDN 服务,则可以设置跳过可信代理检查,它的优先级高于可信代理。请看下面的例子:
Engine.TrustedPlatform
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
// Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
// Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
// If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
// corresponding header and return IP directly
fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
})
router.Run()
}
该包是 HTTP 测试的首选方法。
net/http/httptest
package main
import (
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
})
return r
}
func main() {
r := setupRouter()
r.Run(":8080")
}
测试上面的代码示例:
package main
import (
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
router := setupRouter()
w := httptest.NewRecorder()
req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
}
使用Gin Web框架的 awesome 项目列表。